How Your Diet Can Help Manage Symptoms
When living with a serious heart condition like transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM), taking care of your heart through lifestyle changes becomes essential. While medication and monitoring are important, nutrition plays an important role in symptom management and overall heart health. A well-balanced, heart-friendly diet helps reduce strain on the heart, manage fluid retention and improve energy levels. Below is a list of the best foods for heart health, followed by tips on managing symptoms of ATTR-CM.
Top Heart-Healthy Foods and Why You Should Eat Them
1. Leafy Green Vegetables (Spinach, Kale, Swiss Chard)
Rich in vitamin K, magnesium and nitrates, leafy greens help lower blood pressure and improve arterial function. They’re also high in fiber and antioxidants, which reduce inflammation and support vascular health.
2. Berries (Blueberries, Strawberries, Raspberries)
Berries are packed with polyphenols and anthocyanins that help protect blood vessels and reduce oxidative stress. They’re also low in calories and high in fiber, which helps maintain a healthy weight.
3. Whole Grains (Oats, Brown Rice, Quinoa, Barley)
Whole grains are rich in soluble fiber, which helps reduce LDL ("bad") cholesterol and stabilize blood sugar. They also help you feel full longer, aiding weight management.
4. Fatty Fish (Salmon, Mackerel, Sardines)
Fatty fish are an excellent source of omega-3 fatty acids, which reduce inflammation, lower triglyceride levels and support overall heart rhythm and function.
5. Nuts and Seeds (Almonds, Walnuts, Flaxseeds, Chia Seeds)
These are loaded with heart-healthy fats, fiber and plant-based protein. They support cholesterol balance and reduce inflammation, contributing to better vascular health.
6. Legumes (Lentils, Chickpeas, Black Beans)
High in fiber, protein and potassium, legumes help control blood pressure and cholesterol. They’re also a great meat alternative for reducing saturated fat intake.
7. Low-Fat Dairy or Fortified Plant-Based Alternatives
Dairy provides calcium and vitamin D, which are essential for heart and bone health. Opt for low-fat or plant-based options to avoid excess saturated fat.
8. Avocados
Avocados are a great source of monounsaturated fats and potassium, and help lower LDL cholesterol and control blood pressure.
9. Olive Oil
Extra virgin olive oil contains powerful antioxidants and healthy fats that reduce inflammation and support artery health.
10. Herbs and Spices (Garlic, Turmeric, Cinnamon)
These flavor boosters let you reduce salt without sacrificing taste. Some also offer anti-inflammatory or blood pressure-lowering benefits.
Managing ATTR-CM Symptoms: Diet and Beyond
ATTR-CM, a condition caused by a buildup of misfolded transthyretin proteins in the heart, leads to stiffening of the heart muscle and impaired pumping function. While diet can’t reverse the disease, it can significantly improve quality of life and reduce the burden on the heart. Here’s how to manage symptoms effectively:
1. Follow a Low-sodium Diet
High sodium intake can worsen fluid retention, leading to swelling in the legs and shortness of breath. This is common in ATTR-CM. Limit sodium to under 2,000 mg per day by:
- Avoiding processed and packaged foods.
- Cooking at home with fresh ingredients.
- Using herbs and spices instead of salt.
- Reading nutrition labels carefully.
2. Maintain a Healthy Weight
Carrying excess weight puts additional strain on the heart. A balanced diet focused on whole foods can help prevent weight gain and may even lead to modest weight loss, which improves breathing, mobility and energy.
3. Don't Over-hydrate
Some people with ATTR-CM may need to limit fluid intake to prevent overloading the heart. Work with your doctor to find the right balance. Avoid sugary drinks and opt for water when fluids are permitted.
4. Limit Alcohol and Added Sugars
Alcohol can interfere with medications and lead to dehydration, while added sugars contribute to weight gain and metabolic issues. Choose water, herbal teas and fresh fruit over soda or sweets.
5. Exercise Safely
While intense workouts may not be suitable for all patients with ATTR-CM, moderate physical activity — such as walking, stretching or light resistance exercises — can improve circulation, stamina and overall well-being. Always consult your care team before starting any new exercise routine.
6. Prioritize Sleep and Stress Reduction
Poor sleep and chronic stress can worsen heart symptoms. Aim for 7–9 hours of quality sleep and consider relaxation techniques like meditation, deep breathing or yoga. Managing stress reduces strain on the cardiovascular system.
7. Take Medications as Prescribed
Diet and lifestyle changes support, but don’t replace, prescribed medications. Be consistent with your medications, monitor symptoms and attend all follow-up appointments.
8. Partner with a Registered Dietitian
A dietitian specializing in heart health or heart failure can help create a personalized eating plan that respects fluid and sodium restrictions while ensuring proper nutrition.
Final Notes
Living with ATTR-CM presents unique challenges, but a heart-healthy diet rich in vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins and healthy fats can significantly ease symptoms and support heart function. Alongside other lifestyle changes like exercise, stress management and medical treatment, the right diet empowers you to take an active role in managing your condition and improving your quality of life.
Keep reading to learn about how to manage diabetes with healthy food choices.